Khedive Muhammad Tawfiq

• He was born on April 20, 1852 in Cairo
• He received his education from El-Manial school and then Khedive Military Secondary School. He did not travel abroad for education like the rest of the Royal family.
• He held many positions, such as the President of Privy Council, the Minister of Interior and the Minister of Public Works.
• He formed his first ministry in the era of Khedive Ismail (March 10, 1879 - April 7, 1879).
• On July 26, 1879 he became the ruler of Egypt.
• He had been keen on spreading education since he was the crown prince. He established Qubba School at his own expense.
• Khedive Tawfiq issued a decree forming a committee to manage education affairs. The committee proposed establishing a school for preparing students to become teachers; many education institutions were established, as a result.
• In his era, many foreign companies and banks were established: Anglo-Egyptian Bank, American joint-stock company, Delta railway, Nile boats company and lands company.
• In his era, he established the Advisory Council of Laws, the general assembly and the directorates councils.
• He issued the list of the civil servants which guarantees their rights to pensions.
• He passed away on January 7, 1892.